What to check on a certificate
- Days left: renew well before expiry; an expired certificate shows a full-page browser warning to every visitor.
- Names covered: the certificate must include each name you serve, such as both
example.comandwww.example.com, or a wildcard like*.example.com. - Issuer: make sure it is the authority you use. Your DNS can restrict which ones may issue with a CAA record, visible in the DNS lookup.
Fingerprints and pinning
Apps and APIs sometimes accept only a server whose certificate matches a known fingerprint. Because certificates are renewed every few months, pinning the certificate means updating the pin each time; pinning the public key (its SHA-256 is shown for each certificate) or the issuing authority is less fragile.
To see the server software and security headers a site sends, use the website server checker.